![]() WASP signaling triggers the cell to move and attach to other cells and tissues (adhesion). WASP is involved in relaying signals from the surface of blood cells to the actin cytoskeleton, which is a network of fibers that make up the cell's structural framework. This protein is found in all blood cells. The WAS gene provides instructions for making a protein called WASP. Mutations in the WAS gene cause Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. These conditions have overlapping signs and symptoms and the same genetic cause. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is often considered to be part of a disease spectrum with two other disorders: X-linked thrombocytopenia and severe congenital neutropenia. The chance of developing certain types of cancer, such as cancer of the immune system cells ( lymphoma ), is also increased in people with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. These disorder occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's own tissues and organs. ![]() People with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are at greater risk of developing autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, or hemolytic anemia. These immune problems vary in severity and include an increased susceptibility to infection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. ![]() Changes in white blood cells lead to an increased risk of several immune and inflammatory disorders in people with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is also characterized by abnormal or nonfunctional immune system cells known as white blood cells. In some cases, particularly if a bleeding episode occurs within the brain, prolonged bleeding can be life-threatening. Microthrombocytopenia can also lead to small areas of bleeding just under the surface of the skin, resulting in purplish spots called purpura, or variably sized rashes made up of tiny red spots called petechiae. This platelet abnormality, which is typically present from birth, can lead to easy bruising, bloody diarrhea, or episodes of prolonged bleeding following nose bleeds or minor trauma. Individuals with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have microthrombocytopenia, which is a decrease in the number and size of blood cells involved in clotting (platelets). Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by abnormal immune system function (immune deficiency), eczema (an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal patches of red, irritated skin), and a reduced ability to form blood clots.
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